Jadeite
(Jade).
For
centuries jade was thought to be a single gemstone, but in
1863 two types were recognized: Jadeite nephrite. Nephrite
(opposite) is more common, but both are tough, fine-grained
rocks, suitable for carving. Jadeite, made up of
interlocking, granular pyroxene crystals, occur in a wide
range of colours including green, lilac, white, pink, brown,
red, blue, black, orange and yellow. The most prized variety,
imperial jade, is a rich emerald-green, due to chromium.
Jadeite commonly has a dimpled surface when polished.
Occurrence
Jadeite
is found in metamorphic rocks and as alluvial pebbles and
boulders. Some boulders develop a brown skin, due to weathering,
and this is often incorporated into carving and worked
piece. The most important source of Jade is Burma, which has
supplied China with translucent imperial jade for over 200
years. Historical, Guatemala was an important source of
Jade, providing the material for the carving of the central
American Indians. Jadeite also occurs in Japan and
California (USA).
REMARK
The
Spanish Conquistadores adopted the usa od Jadeite
when they invaed Central America, and often wore amulets
made from it. They called it piedra de hijada (loin
stone) or piedra de los rinones (kidney stone),
believing it prevented or cured hip and kidney complaints. |
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MEXICAN
MASK
This
opaque, mottled green mask was probably carved in
Mexico, prior to 1753. Older jadeite carving
have a characteristic pitted surface; modern
abrasives give a smoother finish. |
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POLISHED
IMPERIAL
JADE
Black
inclusions
Characteristic
emerald-green colour. |
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JADEITE
SPHERE
Mottled
jadeite, fashioned and polished |
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